According to Deutsche Welle, the event was attended by twenty-six heads of state and government from Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America, signifying China's expanding international influence. Under Xi Jinping's leadership, China is progressing towards becoming a "modern socialist country" by 2049, the centennial of the People's Republic. Projections indicate China could surpass the US as the world's largest economy within the next 15 years.
China's economic ascent is paralleled by its political advancements, particularly through international organizations like BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched in 2013, is a testament to China's growing global partnerships, with 153 signatory states. The initiative includes projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, high-speed trains in Kenya, and Peru's Chancay megaport.
China's economic and political strategies are interwoven to create a new global order, particularly for the Global South. While the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Chinese state banks provide loans aligned with Beijing's foreign policy, there are concerns about compliance with international standards on labor and environmental protection. Critics highlight that partner countries often bear financial burdens, increasing their dependence on China.
The "China model," though criticized in the West, is gaining traction in the Global South. Former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo has urged African countries to emulate China's approach, considering it a source of inspiration and opportunity. Meanwhile, US foreign aid has been significantly reduced, affecting its global influence.
Xi's vision includes reforming international relations to counter "hegemony," according to Claus Soong from the Mercator Institute for China Studies. This strategy is driven by national interests rather than liberal ideals. Chinese diplomats are crafting a master plan for global governance reform, responding to shifting international power dynamics.
Despite skepticism about China exporting its governance model, experts like Sandschneider emphasize China's focus on securing resources and market access rather than interfering in other countries' internal affairs. Within Europe, attention is diverted due to internal challenges, limiting its capacity to counter China's rise.
Europe's focus remains on defending democracy internally, with several EU countries grappling with right-wing populism. In Germany, there is a noted shift towards the East, recognizing the region's growing ambition and momentum.
This article is part of Deutsche Welle's "Decoding China" series, which critically examines China's global strategies and their implications from a German and European perspective.