Taipei: A documentary exploring the little-known history of Taiwanese soldiers detained in remote Soviet prisoner-of-war camps after fighting for Japan in World War II was screened in Tokyo recently. "Memories Frozen in Time," directed by Hsu Ming-chun, traces the lives of Taiwanese soldiers held by the Soviet Union after Japan's surrender in 1945. Hsu spent three years researching records and visiting Taiwan, Japan, and Russia, while interviewing former prisoners and their families.

According to Focus Taiwan, among those featured is 99-year-old Wu Cheng-nan, believed to be the only surviving Taiwanese former POW who spent time in the Soviet Union. Wu said he considers himself fortunate to have survived both the war and about two years of captivity. During World War II, when Taiwan was under Japanese colonial rule, more than 200,000 Taiwanese joined the Japanese military and were sent to battlefields across Asia, with around 30,000 killed or reported missing in the war, according to Taiwan's National Human Rights Museum.

Wu was born in 1927 in Tainan Prefecture during Japanese colonial rule. He went to Japan to study at the age of 14 and joined the Japanese military at 17. According to Taiwan's National Cultural Memory Bank, Wu was serving at Sondok Airport in Korea toward the end of the war. While awaiting repatriation to Japan after the war, he encountered Soviet forces and was taken prisoner. He was transported to a detention camp in Kazakhstan, where he was subjected to two years of forced labor. After Japan's surrender, the Soviet Union transported large numbers of Japanese prisoners of war to Siberia and other areas for forced labor, and many died as a result.

Wu was finally repatriated in July 1947. Because he was still using his Japanese name and had provided the address of relatives in Japan, he was sent to Japan rather than Taiwan. He later completed high school and university in Japan and eventually settled there.

The screening last Saturday was followed by a discussion with Hsu and Wu, who said the film was an opportunity to open a dialogue across generations about memories of war and what it means to be Taiwanese. "My greatest happiness in life is that I came back alive from the battlefield," Wu said, adding that despite the hardships he endured, he did not completely reject the experience because it ultimately became part of the life he was able to live.

Wu said, however, that people should remember not only the survivors but also the thousands of Taiwanese who never returned from the war. Many had their own lives and stories, but those stories were never passed on to later generations, he added. Reflecting on Taiwan's complicated historical memories and questions surrounding identity, Hsu said his generation has a responsibility to share different aspects of Taiwan's history with others and with younger generations.

The film ends with two people born in 2005, including Hsu's son. Hsu said he had never seriously discussed history and identity with his son before making the documentary, prompting him to realize that such conversations needed to start within his own family.